Kukula ndi kufalikira kwa majeremusi amkati kwakhala nkhani yaikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito makina oletsa kupuma movutikira ndi makina osalekeza olimbikitsa mpweya.Chifukwa cha mapangidwe ndi mapangidwe, kutentha, kuchuluka kwa chakudya choperekedwa ku majeremusi, komanso kuchuluka kwa majeremusi obereketsa, mkati mwa zipangizozi mosavuta kukhala malo oberekera majeremusi.
Zifukwa zomwe makina obanika kutulo komanso opititsira mpweya wabwino mosalekeza amapanga majeremusi ambiri.
1. Kubereka kwa mabakiteriya chifukwa cha mapangidwe ndi mapangidwe - kuti achepetse phokoso, thonje wambiri wosatsukidwa wosatsukidwa umakutidwa ndi fani.Pofuna kupewa kuchuluka kwa fumbi kuti lisalowe mwachindunji munjira ya mpweya ndikuteteza zimakupiza, pali thonje zambiri zosefera munjira yolowera mpweya.Kuti akhale ang'onoang'ono komanso opepuka, makina ambiri samalekanitsa njira ya mpweya ndi dera, ndipo majeremusi amatha kutera mosavuta pa bolodi lotentha lozungulira ndi ma fan fan.
2. Kubereka kwa mabakiteriya chifukwa cha kutentha-kumapereka malo abwino kwambiri a kutentha kwa majeremusi (5 ℃-20 ℃), makinawo amawotchera atagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali asanayime, ndipo wosanjikiza wotetezera wamkati umayambitsa kutentha kosakwanira.
3. Kupereka chakudya chochuluka cha majeremusi kumabweretsa kuberekana kwa bakiteriya - thonje lonse losefera limatha kusefa tinthu tambiri ta fumbi koma osati mabakiteriya.M'malo mwake, sichikhoza kuyeretsa fumbi lomwe limasonkhana mochuluka kuti lipereke mphamvu ndi kubereka kwa mabakiteriya.
4. Liwiro la kubalana molingana ndi microbiology, ngati zomwe zili pamwambazi zakwaniritsidwa, chiwerengero cha majeremusi chidzawonjezeka ndi 1 miliyoni mkati mwa maola 16 (pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri mphindi 15 mpaka 45).
Ventilator disinfection
Kuti tichite zimenezi, tiyenera kusankha akatswirizida zamankhwalandi mphamvu zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda opuma mpweya akhoza kukhala wothandizira wabwino kwa ife kuti tiphe makina ochititsa dzanzi ndi ma ventilator.
Ubwino wa anesthesia kupuma dera disinfector:
Kuchita bwino kwambiri: The anesthesia breathing circuit disinfector imakhala ndi ntchito yopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo imatha kumaliza ntchito yophera tizilombo pakanthawi kochepa.Only ayenera kulumikiza payipi kunja kuti tizilombo dera mkati, amene angathe kusintha ntchito Mwachangu, kupulumutsa nthawi, ndi kuonetsetsa ogwira disinfection wa dera mkati mwa opaleshoni makina mpweya wokwanira.
Zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito: Chogulitsacho ndi chosavuta kupanga komanso chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.Ogwiritsa amangofunika kutsatira malangizowo kuti amalize ntchito yopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Pa nthawi yomweyo, mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi kupuma dera disinfector alinso okonzeka ndi lolingana zodzitetezera kupewa kuipitsidwa yachiwiri pambuyo ntchito.
Makina opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a anesthesia
Kumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka mkati ndi kamangidwe ka ma ventilator ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti kulibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kupewa kupatsirana.Ma ventilator nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zinthu monga makina osefera mpweya, ma humidifiers, masensa, ma valve, ndi ma chubu.Zigawozi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zipereke mpweya wokhazikika komanso milingo yoyenera ya chinyezi kuti zithandizire kupuma kwa wodwalayo.Njira yosefera mpweya imasefa mabakiteriya ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndikusunga mpweya waukhondo;wonyezimira amawongolera chinyezi cha mpweya kuti aletse kupuma kwa wodwalayo kuti asawume;masensa amawunika kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi kupanikizika kuti zitsimikizire kuti mpweya wabwino umagwira ntchito bwino;ma valve ndi machubu oyendetsa ndikuwongolera kayendedwe ka mpweya.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida zophera tizilombo, kumvetsetsa bwino zamkati mwazinthu izi kumawonetsetsa kuti gawo lililonse lofunikira limatetezedwa bwino.Mwachitsanzo, makina osefera mpweya ndi chinyezi ndi malo omwe mabakiteriya ndi ma virus amatha kudziunjikira mosavuta, zomwe zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera panthawi yophera tizilombo.Zigawo zolondola monga masensa ndi mavavu amafunikira kusamaliridwa mosamala kuti zisawonongeke, kuwonetsetsa kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi zomwe wopanga amapanga.Kuphatikiza apo, kumvetsetsa machubu ndi mayendedwe a mpweya kungathandize kudziwa njira yoyendetsera mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuwonetsetsa kuti malo onse amkati aphimbidwa kuti aphedwe.
Mwachidule, kumvetsetsa bwino momwe mkati mwa mpweya wolowera sikungowonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kumakulitsa moyo wa zida popewa kuwonongeka kwa njira zosayenera zophera tizilombo.Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zasayansi komanso zomveka zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kupatsirana kachilomboka kumatha kupewedwa bwino, kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha odwala komanso ogwira ntchito yazaumoyo.
