Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'madzi akumwa kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri, kuphatikizapo mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi protozoa, pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda obwera m'madzi.Ngakhale kuthira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikuchotsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kumapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda obwera chifukwa cha madzi chichepe mpaka kufika pamlingo wovomerezeka malinga ndi momwe chilengedwe chimayendera.Kutsekera, kumbali ina, kumatanthauza kuchotsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapezeka m'madzi, pomwe kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumakhudza gawo lalikulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuchepetsa ziwopsezo zobwera chifukwa cha matenda obwera ndi madzi.
Evolution of Disinfection Techniques
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, pamene chiphunzitso cha bacterial pathogenic pathogenic chinakhazikitsidwa, fungo linkaonedwa ngati sing'anga yopatsirana matenda, zomwe zimalimbikitsa chitukuko cha njira zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'madzi ndi zimbudzi.
Njira zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pamadzi akumwa
Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Njira zakuthupi monga kutenthetsa, kusefera, cheza cha ultraviolet (UV), ndi kuyatsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Madzi owiritsa ndi ofala, othandiza pochiza ang'onoang'ono, pamene njira zosefera monga mchenga, asibesitosi, kapena zosefera za viniga zimachotsa mabakiteriya osawapha.Ma radiation a UV, makamaka mkati mwa 240-280nm, amawonetsa mphamvu zopha majeremusi, oyenera madzi ang'onoang'ono, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a UV mwachindunji kapena m'manja.
UV Disinfection
Ma radiation a UV pakati pa 200-280nm amapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndikupeza kutchuka chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zowongolera zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.
Chemical Disinfection
Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amaphatikizapo chlorination, chloramines, chlorine dioxide, ndi ozoni.
Chlorine Compounds
Chlorination, njira yomwe anthu ambiri amagwiritsira ntchito, imasonyeza mphamvu zowononga majeremusi zamphamvu, zokhazikika, komanso zotsika mtengo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pochiza madzi.Chloramine, yochokera ku klorini ndi ammonia, imasunga kukoma kwa madzi ndi mtundu wake ndi mphamvu yotsika ya okosijeni koma imafunikira njira zovuta komanso kuyika kwakukulu.
Chlorine Dioxide
Potengedwa ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo a m'badwo wachinayi, chlorine dioxide imaposa klorini m'njira zambiri, kuwonetsa bwino mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuchotsa kukoma, komanso kutsitsa kwapang'onopang'ono.Simakhudzidwa pang'ono ndi kutentha kwa madzi ndipo imawonetsa mabakiteriya apamwamba kwambiri pamadzi opanda bwino.
Ozone Disinfection
Ozone, oxidizer yothandiza, imapereka kuchotseratu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Komabe, ilibe moyo wautali, kukhazikika, ndipo imafuna ukatswiri waukadaulo pakuwunikira ndi kuwongolera, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga madzi a m'mabotolo.
M'munsimu muli mfundo zina zapadziko lonse zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'madzi akumwa
Zofunikira zaulere za chlorine index ndi: nthawi yolumikizana ndi madzi ≥ Mphindi 30, madzi a fakitale ndi malire a madzi otsiriza ≤ 2 mg / L, malire a madzi a fakitale ≥ 0.3 mg / L, ndi malire a madzi otsiriza ≥ 0.05 mg / L.
Zofunikira zonse za ndondomeko ya klorini ndi: nthawi yolumikizana ndi madzi ≥ Mphindi 120, malire a madzi a fakitale ndi madzi otsiriza ≤ 3 mg/L, madzi owonjezera a fakitale ≥ 0.5 mg/L, ndi madzi owonjezera ≥ 0.05 mg/L.
Zofunikira za ozoni index ndi: nthawi yolumikizana ndi madzi ≥ mphindi 12, madzi a fakitale ndi malire a madzi otsiriza ≤ 0.3 mg/L, otsalira amadzi otsala ≥ 0.02 mg/L, ngati njira zina zophatikizira zopha tizilombo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, malire ophera tizilombo komanso otsalira. zofunikira ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa.
Zofunikira za Chlorine dioxide index ndi: nthawi yolumikizana ndi madzi ≥ Mphindi 30, madzi a fakitale ndi malire a madzi otsiriza ≤ 0.8 mg/L, madzi a fakitale ≥ 0.1 mg/L, ndi madzi omalizira ≥ 0.02 mg/L.
