Kurandura amazi yo kunywa bifite intego ikomeye - kurandura igice kinini cy’ibinyabuzima byangiza virusi, urugero nka bagiteri, virusi, na protozoa, kugira ngo indwara zandurira mu mazi.Nubwo kwanduza indwara bidakuraho mikorobe zose, iremeza ko ibyago by’indwara ziterwa n’amazi bigabanuka kugeza ku rwego rushobora kwemerwa hakurikijwe ibipimo bya mikorobi.Ku rundi ruhande, kwandura bisobanura kwangiza mikorobe zose ziri mu mazi, mu gihe kwanduza indwara byibasira igice kinini cy’ibinyabuzima bitera indwara, bikagabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’indwara ziterwa n’amazi.
Ubwihindurize bwa tekinike yo kwanduza
Mbere y'ikinyejana cya 19 rwagati, igihe hashyirwaho inyigisho ya bagiteri itera indwara, impumuro yafatwaga nk'uburyo bwo kwanduza indwara, bigira uruhare mu iterambere ry'amazi ndetse no kwanduza imyanda.
Uburyo bwo Kwanduza Uburyo bwo Kunywa Amazi
Kwanduza umubiri
Uburyo bwumubiri nko gushyushya, kuyungurura, imirasire ya ultraviolet (UV), hamwe na irrasiyo birakoreshwa.Amazi abira arasanzwe, afite akamaro mukuvura gake, mugihe uburyo bwo kuyungurura nkumusenyi, asibesitosi, cyangwa fibre vinegere ya fibre ikuraho bagiteri zitabishe.Imirasire ya UV, cyane cyane mu ntera ya 240-280nm, yerekana imiterere ya mikorobe ikomeye, ikwiranye n’amazi make, ikoresheje imiti yica udukoko ya UV.
Kwanduza UV
Imirasire ya UV iri hagati ya 200-280nm yica neza virusi idakoresheje imiti, ikamenyekana neza kugirango igenzure imiti itera indwara.
Kwanduza imiti
Imiti yica imiti irimo chlorine, chloramine, dioxyde ya chlorine, na ozone.
Ibikoresho bya Chlorine
Chlorination, uburyo bukoreshwa cyane, bwerekana imiterere ya mikorobe ikomeye, ihamye, kandi ihendutse, ikoreshwa neza mugutunganya amazi.Chloramine, ikomoka kuri chlorine na ammonia, ibika uburyohe bwamazi namabara hamwe nubushobozi buke bwa okiside ariko bisaba uburyo bukomeye hamwe nubushakashatsi bwinshi.
Dioxyde ya Chlorine
Ufatwa nk'igisekuru cya kane cyangiza, dioxyde ya chlorine irenze chlorine mubice byinshi, ikerekana kwanduza neza, kuvanaho uburyohe, hamwe na kanseri yo hasi.Ntabwo yibasiwe nubushyuhe bwamazi kandi irerekana ingaruka nziza za bagiteri zica mumazi mabi.
Ozone
Ozone, okiside ikora neza, itanga mikorobe yagutse.Ariko, ntikibaho kuramba, gutekana, kandi bisaba ubuhanga bwa tekinike mugukurikirana no kugenzura, ahanini bikoreshwa mugukora amazi mumacupa.
Hano hari amahame mpuzamahanga yo kwanduza amazi yo kunywa
Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya chlorine byubusa ni: igihe cyo guhura namazi minutes iminota 30, amazi yinganda n’amazi ntarengwa ≤ 2 mg / L, amazi y’uruganda ≥ 0.3 mg / L, n’amazi y’amazi ≥ 0.05 mg / L.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya chlorine byose bisabwa ni: igihe cyo guhura namazi minutes iminota 120, kugabanya agaciro k’amazi yo mu ruganda n’amazi y’amazi ≤ 3 mg / L, amafaranga asagutse y’uruganda ≥ 0.5 mg / L, hamwe n’amazi arenga 0.05 mg / L.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya ozone ni: igihe cyo guhura namazi minutes iminota 12, amazi yinganda n’amazi ntarengwa ≤ 0.3 mg / L, ibisigisigi by’amazi yanyuma ≥ 0.02 mg / L, niba hakoreshejwe ubundi buryo bwo kwanduza indwara, imipaka yica udukoko hamwe n’ibisigara ibisabwa bigomba kuba byujujwe.
Indangagaciro ya dioxyde ya Chlorine ni: igihe cyo guhura n’amazi minutes iminota 30, amazi y’uruganda n’amazi ntarengwa ≤ 0.8 mg / L, amazi y’uruganda ≥ 0.1 mg / L, hamwe n’uburinganire bw’amazi ≥ 0.02 mg / L.
