Inhlanganisela yamakhemikhali otshwala wuhlobo lwenhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo equkethe iqembu le-hydroxyl (-OH) elihlanganiswe ne-athomu yekhabhoni.Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nemithi, izimonyo, kanye nokukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli.I-Ethanol, i-methanol, ne-propanol ngezinye zeziphuzo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu.I-Ethanol ivame ukutholakala ophuzweni oludakayo futhi isetshenziswa njengesincibilikisi, isibaseli, nesibulala-magciwane.I-Methanol isetshenziswa njenge-solvent kanye nophethiloli, kanti i-propanol ivame ukusetshenziswa ezimonyo nasezikhemisi.Utshwala bunezinto ezihlukahlukene zomzimba namakhemikhali ezibenza bubaluleke ezimbonini eziningi.Kodwa-ke, zingaba nobuthi futhi zishise, zizenze zibe yingozi uma zingaphathwa ngendlela efanele.