Ukubulala amagciwane emanzini okuphuza kufeza injongo ebalulekile—ukuqeda inqwaba yamagciwane ayingozi, okuhlanganisa amagciwane, amagciwane kanye ne-protozoa, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusakazeka kwezifo ezibangelwa amanzi.Nakuba ukubulala amagciwane kungawaqedi wonke ama-microorganisms, kuqinisekisa ukuthi ingozi yezifo ezitholakala emanzini iyancipha ibe amazinga athathwa njengamukelekile ngaphansi kwamazinga e-microbiological.Ukuvala inzalo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubhekisela ekuqedeni wonke ama-microorganisms akhona emanzini, kuyilapho ukubulala amagciwane kuqondise ingxenye enkulu ye-pathogenic microorganisms, kunciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nezifo ezibangelwa amanzi.

I-Evolution of Disinfection Techniques
Ngaphambi kwekhulu le-19, lapho kusungulwa inkolelo-mbono ye-bacterial pathogenic, iphunga lalibhekwa njengendlela yokudlulisela izifo, libe nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinqubo zokubulala amagciwane emanzini kanye nendle.

Izindlela Zokubulala Amagciwane Amanzi Okuphuza
Ukubulala Amagciwane Ngomzimba
Kusetshenziswa izindlela ezingokomzimba ezifana nokushisisa, ukucwenga, imisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV), kanye nemisebe.Amanzi abilayo ajwayelekile, asebenza ngempumelelo ekwelashweni kwezinga elincane, kuyilapho izindlela zokuhlunga njengesihlabathi, i-asbestos, noma izihlungi ze-fiber vinegar zisusa amagciwane ngaphandle kokuwabulala.Imisebe ye-UV, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwebanga elingu-240-280nm, ibonisa izici ezinamandla zokubulala amagciwane, ezilungele ubuningi bamanzi amancane, zisebenzisa izibulala-magciwane ze-UV eziqondile noma zohlobo lwemikhono.

Ukukhishwa kwe-UV
Imisebe ye-UV ephakathi kuka-200-280nm iwabulala ngempumelelo amagciwane ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali, ithola ukuvelela ngokusebenza kwayo kahle ekulawuleni izinto ezibangela izifo.

I-Chemical Disinfection
Izibulala-magciwane zamakhemikhali zihlanganisa i-chlorination, i-chloramine, i-chlorine dioxide, ne-ozone.

I-Chlorine Compounds
I-Chlorination, indlela eyamukelwa kabanzi, ibonisa izakhiwo ezibulala amagciwane ezinamandla, ezinzile, nezingabizi, ezisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekwelashweni kwamanzi.I-Chloramine, ephuma ku-chlorine ne-ammonia, ilondoloza ukunambitheka kwamanzi nombala ngomthamo ophansi we-oxidative kodwa idinga izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi nokugxila okuphezulu.

I-Chlorine Dioxide
Ithathwa njengesibulala-magciwane sesizukulwane sesine, i-chlorine dioxide idlula i-chlorine ezicini eziningi, ibonisa isibulala-magciwane esingcono, ukususwa kokunambitha, kanye nemikhiqizo ephansi ye-carcinogenic.Ayithintwa kancane izinga lokushisa lamanzi futhi ibonisa imiphumela ephakeme yokubulala amagciwane emanzini ekhwalithi engeyinhle.

I-Ozone Disinfection
I-ozone, i-oxidizer esebenzayo, inikeza ukuqedwa kwe-microbial spectrum.Kodwa-ke, ayinabo isikhathi eside, ukuzinza, futhi idinga ulwazi lwezobuchwepheshe lokuqapha nokulawula, olusetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwamanzi asemabhodleleni.

Ngezansi kukhona izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zokubulala amagciwane emanzini okuphuza

Izidingo zenkomba ye-chlorine yamahhala yilezi: isikhathi sokuthintana namanzi ≥ amaminithi angu-30, umkhawulo wamanzi asembonini kanye nomkhawulo wamanzi wokugcina ≤ 2 mg/L, umkhawulo wamanzi wemboni ≥ 0.3 mg/L, kanye ne-terminal water margin ≥ 0.05 mg/L.

Ingqikithi yezidingo zenkomba ye-chlorine yilezi: isikhathi sokuthintana namanzi ≥ amaminithi angu-120, inani elilinganiselwe lamanzi asefekthri namanzi agcinayo ≤ 3 mg/L, insalela yamanzi yasefekthri ≥ 0.5 mg/L, kanye ne-terminal water surplus ≥ 0.05 mg/L.

Izidingo zenkomba ye-ozone yilezi: isikhathi sokuthintana namanzi ≥ imizuzu eyi-12, umkhawulo wamanzi wefekthri kanye nesiphetho samanzi ≤ 0.3 mg/L, insalela yamanzi esigungwini ≥ 0.02 mg/L, uma kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela ezihlanganyelwe zokubulala amagciwane, umkhawulo wokubulala amagciwane kanye nensalela izidingo kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nazo.

Izidingo zenkomba ye-Chlorine dioxide yilezi: isikhathi sokuthintana namanzi ≥ amaminithi angu-30, umkhawulo wamanzi wefekthri kanye nomkhawulo wamanzi wetheminali ≤ 0.8 mg/L, ibhalansi yamanzi embonini ≥ 0.1 mg/L, kanye nebhalansi yamanzi yokugcina ≥ 0.02 mg/L.